{"id":2897,"date":"2025-12-21T11:30:34","date_gmt":"2025-12-21T11:30:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/?p=2897"},"modified":"2025-12-21T11:46:35","modified_gmt":"2025-12-21T11:46:35","slug":"6-research-backed-truths-about-canadas-gig-economy-that-go-beyond-the-side-hustle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/6-research-backed-truths-about-canadas-gig-economy-that-go-beyond-the-side-hustle\/","title":{"rendered":"6 v\u00e9rit\u00e9s \u00e9tay\u00e9es par la recherche sur l&#039;\u00e9conomie des petits boulots au Canada (qui vont au-del\u00e0 du simple \u201c revenu d&#039;appoint \u201d)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p data-start=\"90\" data-end=\"391\">Canada\u2019s gig economy is often described as \u201cpeople doing extra work for extra cash.\u201d But Canadian data shows a more complex picture: gig work includes <strong data-start=\"241\" data-end=\"254\">main jobs<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"256\" data-end=\"271\">short tasks<\/strong>, and <strong data-start=\"277\" data-end=\"304\">app-based platform work<\/strong>\u2014and different measurement methods can produce very different \u201chow big is it?\u201d answers.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Jglb3lZRFAo?si=Ye7bVP_z4QnZMRAP\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Learn more here: <a href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/The_Great_Unbundling_of_Work.pdf\">The_Great_Unbundling_of_Work<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/6-research-backed-truths-about-canadas-gig-economy-that-go-beyond-the-side-hustle\/#Canadas_gig_economy_in_numbers_why_the_estimates_vary\" >Canada\u2019s gig economy in numbers (why the estimates vary)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/6-research-backed-truths-about-canadas-gig-economy-that-go-beyond-the-side-hustle\/#Table_1_%E2%80%94_Three_common_ways_gig_work_is_measured_in_Canada\" >Table 1 \u2014 Three common ways gig work is measured in Canada<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/6-research-backed-truths-about-canadas-gig-economy-that-go-beyond-the-side-hustle\/#Table_2_%E2%80%94_Persistence_and_typical_earnings_in_Canadian_tax-based_gig_measures\" >Table 2 \u2014 Persistence and typical earnings in Canadian tax-based gig measures<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/6-research-backed-truths-about-canadas-gig-economy-that-go-beyond-the-side-hustle\/#Truth_2_%E2%80%94_%E2%80%9CGig_worker%E2%80%9D_is_not_one_group_its_multiple_distinct_models\" >Truth #2 \u2014 \u201cGig worker\u201d is not one group; it\u2019s multiple distinct models<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/6-research-backed-truths-about-canadas-gig-economy-that-go-beyond-the-side-hustle\/#Table_3_%E2%80%94_A_practical_%E2%80%9Cfour-tribes%E2%80%9D_map_of_gig_work_with_typical_examples\" >Table 3 \u2014 A practical \u201cfour-tribes\u201d map of gig work (with typical examples)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/6-research-backed-truths-about-canadas-gig-economy-that-go-beyond-the-side-hustle\/#Truth_3_%E2%80%94_Gig_work_is_often_not_%E2%80%9Cjust_extra_money%E2%80%9D_for_many_its_the_main_job\" >Truth #3 \u2014 Gig work is often not \u201cjust extra money\u201d; for many it\u2019s the main job<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/6-research-backed-truths-about-canadas-gig-economy-that-go-beyond-the-side-hustle\/#Table_4_%E2%80%94_Gig_work_as_a_main_job_Q4_2022\" >Table 4 \u2014 Gig work as a main job (Q4 2022)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/6-research-backed-truths-about-canadas-gig-economy-that-go-beyond-the-side-hustle\/#Truth_4_%E2%80%94_Womens_long-run_income_changes_after_entering_gig_work_differ_from_mens_in_tax-linked_analysis\" >Truth #4 \u2014 Women\u2019s long-run income changes after entering gig work differ from men\u2019s (in tax-linked analysis)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/6-research-backed-truths-about-canadas-gig-economy-that-go-beyond-the-side-hustle\/#Table_5_%E2%80%94_Income_changes_5_years_after_entering_gig_work_relative_to_5_years_before\" >Table 5 \u2014 Income changes 5 years after entering gig work (relative to 5 years before)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/6-research-backed-truths-about-canadas-gig-economy-that-go-beyond-the-side-hustle\/#Truth_5_%E2%80%94_For_newcomers_gig_work_can_be_an_entry_point%E2%80%94but_underemployment_remains_measurable\" >Truth #5 \u2014 For newcomers, gig work can be an entry point\u2014but underemployment remains measurable<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/6-research-backed-truths-about-canadas-gig-economy-that-go-beyond-the-side-hustle\/#Table_6_%E2%80%94_Newcomers_and_labour-market_mismatch_indicators_selected\" >Table 6 \u2014 Newcomers and labour-market mismatch indicators (selected)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/6-research-backed-truths-about-canadas-gig-economy-that-go-beyond-the-side-hustle\/#Truth_6_%E2%80%94_%E2%80%9CApp_work%E2%80%9D_is_growing%E2%80%94and_its_measurable_by_specific_activity_types\" >Truth #6 \u2014 \u201cApp work\u201d is growing\u2014and it\u2019s measurable by specific activity types<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/6-research-backed-truths-about-canadas-gig-economy-that-go-beyond-the-side-hustle\/#Table_7_%E2%80%94_Platform_work_by_activity_12_months_ending_Dec_2024\" >Table 7 \u2014 Platform work by activity (12 months ending Dec 2024)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/6-research-backed-truths-about-canadas-gig-economy-that-go-beyond-the-side-hustle\/#Related_What_the_data_says_about_Canadas_AI_talent_pull%E2%80%94and_friction_after_arrival\" >Related: What the data says about Canada\u2019s AI talent pull\u2014and friction after arrival<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/6-research-backed-truths-about-canadas-gig-economy-that-go-beyond-the-side-hustle\/#Table_8_%E2%80%94_AI_researchers_reported_mobility_preferences_selected_destinations\" >Table 8 \u2014 AI researchers\u2019 reported mobility preferences (selected destinations)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/6-research-backed-truths-about-canadas-gig-economy-that-go-beyond-the-side-hustle\/#Table_9_%E2%80%94_What_drives_AI_researchers_moving_decisions_share_selecting_factor\" >Table 9 \u2014 What drives AI researchers\u2019 moving decisions (share selecting factor)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/6-research-backed-truths-about-canadas-gig-economy-that-go-beyond-the-side-hustle\/#Table_10_%E2%80%94_Share_reporting_visaimmigration_issues_as_a_serious_impediment_to_high-quality_AI_research_country_of_residence\" >Table 10 \u2014 Share reporting visa\/immigration issues as a serious impediment to high-quality AI research (country of residence)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/6-research-backed-truths-about-canadas-gig-economy-that-go-beyond-the-side-hustle\/#FAQs_AEO-ready\" >FAQs (AEO-ready)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/6-research-backed-truths-about-canadas-gig-economy-that-go-beyond-the-side-hustle\/#Canadian_Gig_Worker_and_Immigrant_Labour_Market_Trends\" >Canadian Gig Worker and Immigrant Labour Market Trends<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/6-research-backed-truths-about-canadas-gig-economy-that-go-beyond-the-side-hustle\/#Sources_all_links\" >Sources (all links)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 data-start=\"393\" data-end=\"452\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Canadas_gig_economy_in_numbers_why_the_estimates_vary\"><\/span>Canada\u2019s gig economy in numbers (why the estimates vary)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"454\" data-end=\"650\">Different official and non-official sources measure different things (main job vs any gig in the past year; app-paid platform work vs all gig work). Here\u2019s how to interpret the most-cited figures.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"652\" data-end=\"714\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Table_1_%E2%80%94_Three_common_ways_gig_work_is_measured_in_Canada\"><\/span>Table 1 \u2014 Three common ways gig work is measured in Canada<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"TyagGW_tableContainer\">\n<div class=\"group TyagGW_tableWrapper flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"716\" data-end=\"1426\">\n<thead data-start=\"716\" data-end=\"795\">\n<tr data-start=\"716\" data-end=\"795\">\n<th data-start=\"716\" data-end=\"745\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Measure (what it captures)<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"745\" data-end=\"759\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Time period<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"759\" data-end=\"776\" data-col-size=\"md\">What it counts<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"776\" data-end=\"795\" data-col-size=\"md\">Canada estimate<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"816\" data-end=\"1426\">\n<tr data-start=\"816\" data-end=\"1022\">\n<td data-start=\"816\" data-end=\"845\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"818\" data-end=\"844\">Gig work as a main job<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"845\" data-end=\"855\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Q4 2022<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"855\" data-end=\"959\" data-col-size=\"md\">People whose <strong data-start=\"870\" data-end=\"882\">main job<\/strong> had gig-work characteristics (includes self-employed + some paid employees)<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"959\" data-end=\"1022\" data-col-size=\"md\"><strong data-start=\"961\" data-end=\"972\">871,000<\/strong> (624,000 self-employed; 247,000 paid employees)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1023\" data-end=\"1207\">\n<td data-start=\"1023\" data-end=\"1064\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"1025\" data-end=\"1063\">Any gig work in the past 12 months<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1064\" data-end=\"1091\" data-col-size=\"sm\">2022\u20132023 (survey-based)<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1091\" data-end=\"1187\" data-col-size=\"md\">People who reported doing gig work <strong data-start=\"1128\" data-end=\"1144\">at any point<\/strong> in the previous year (includes side gigs)<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1187\" data-end=\"1207\" data-col-size=\"md\"><strong data-start=\"1189\" data-end=\"1205\">~1.5 million<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1208\" data-end=\"1426\">\n<td data-start=\"1208\" data-end=\"1250\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"1210\" data-end=\"1249\">Paid work through digital platforms<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1250\" data-end=\"1264\" data-col-size=\"sm\">2023 \/ 2024<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1264\" data-end=\"1363\" data-col-size=\"md\">People paid via an app\/website that coordinates work and\/or payments (subset of the gig economy)<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1363\" data-end=\"1426\" data-col-size=\"md\"><strong data-start=\"1365\" data-end=\"1383\">468,000 (2023)<\/strong>; <strong data-start=\"1385\" data-end=\"1424\">665,000 (12 months ending Dec 2024)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr data-start=\"1428\" data-end=\"1431\" \/>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2905\" src=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/unnamed-34.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 28px; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0px;\">Truth #1 \u2014 \u201cGig work\u201d is new tech wrapped around an old work model<\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1504\" data-end=\"1850\">App-based gig work feels modern, but researchers note that many core features\u2014large pools of workers competing for short tasks, mediated by powerful intermediaries\u2014have historical parallels that pre-date apps. One widely cited line from academic work on gig labour captures the idea succinctly: <strong data-start=\"1799\" data-end=\"1850\">\u201cThe future of work\u2026 is a blast from the past.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1852\" data-end=\"2063\"><strong data-start=\"1852\" data-end=\"1884\">What the Canadian data adds:<\/strong> administrative (tax) data shows gig work is often <strong data-start=\"1935\" data-end=\"1949\">low income<\/strong> and frequently <strong data-start=\"1965\" data-end=\"1978\">temporary<\/strong>, patterns consistent with \u201ccasualized\u201d work arrangements seen across different eras.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"2065\" data-end=\"2146\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Table_2_%E2%80%94_Persistence_and_typical_earnings_in_Canadian_tax-based_gig_measures\"><\/span>Table 2 \u2014 Persistence and typical earnings in Canadian tax-based gig measures<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"TyagGW_tableContainer\">\n<div class=\"group TyagGW_tableWrapper flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"2148\" data-end=\"2430\">\n<thead data-start=\"2148\" data-end=\"2197\">\n<tr data-start=\"2148\" data-end=\"2197\">\n<th data-start=\"2148\" data-end=\"2180\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Metric (tax-based definition)<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"2180\" data-end=\"2197\" data-col-size=\"md\">What it shows<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"2208\" data-end=\"2430\">\n<tr data-start=\"2208\" data-end=\"2253\">\n<td data-start=\"2208\" data-end=\"2239\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Median net gig income (2016)<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"2239\" data-end=\"2253\" data-col-size=\"md\"><strong data-start=\"2241\" data-end=\"2251\">$4,303<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2254\" data-end=\"2341\">\n<td data-start=\"2254\" data-end=\"2271\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Short duration<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"2271\" data-end=\"2341\" data-col-size=\"md\">About <strong data-start=\"2279\" data-end=\"2287\">half<\/strong> of new entrants had <strong data-start=\"2308\" data-end=\"2339\">no gig income the next year<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2342\" data-end=\"2430\">\n<td data-start=\"2342\" data-end=\"2373\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Longer attachment exists too<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"2373\" data-end=\"2430\" data-col-size=\"md\">About <strong data-start=\"2381\" data-end=\"2396\">one-quarter<\/strong> of entrants stayed <strong data-start=\"2416\" data-end=\"2428\">3+ years<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr data-start=\"2432\" data-end=\"2435\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"2437\" data-end=\"2511\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Truth_2_%E2%80%94_%E2%80%9CGig_worker%E2%80%9D_is_not_one_group_its_multiple_distinct_models\"><\/span>Truth #2 \u2014 \u201cGig worker\u201d is not one group; it\u2019s multiple distinct models<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"2513\" data-end=\"2758\">Lumping everyone into one label hides important differences in <strong data-start=\"2576\" data-end=\"2618\">skills, assets, risk, and policy needs<\/strong>. A widely used research typology separates gig work into \u201ctribes\u201d based on the capital people bring to the work (skills, assets, networks).<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"2760\" data-end=\"2839\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Table_3_%E2%80%94_A_practical_%E2%80%9Cfour-tribes%E2%80%9D_map_of_gig_work_with_typical_examples\"><\/span>Table 3 \u2014 A practical \u201cfour-tribes\u201d map of gig work (with typical examples)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"TyagGW_tableContainer\">\n<div class=\"group TyagGW_tableWrapper flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"2841\" data-end=\"3438\">\n<thead data-start=\"2841\" data-end=\"2927\">\n<tr data-start=\"2841\" data-end=\"2927\">\n<th data-start=\"2841\" data-end=\"2855\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Gig \u201ctribe\u201d<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"2855\" data-end=\"2884\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Primary driver of earnings<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"2884\" data-end=\"2908\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Typical entry barrier<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"2908\" data-end=\"2927\" data-col-size=\"md\">Common examples<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"2947\" data-end=\"3438\">\n<tr data-start=\"2947\" data-end=\"3088\">\n<td data-start=\"2947\" data-end=\"2976\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"2949\" data-end=\"2975\">Platform professionals<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"2976\" data-end=\"3010\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Specialized skills + reputation<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"3010\" data-end=\"3042\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Higher (training\/credentials)<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"3042\" data-end=\"3088\" data-col-size=\"md\">Freelance consulting, specialized services<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"3089\" data-end=\"3220\">\n<td data-start=\"3089\" data-end=\"3123\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"3091\" data-end=\"3122\">Entrepreneurial influencers<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"3123\" data-end=\"3154\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Audience + content + novelty<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"3154\" data-end=\"3188\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Medium (time + creative output)<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"3188\" data-end=\"3220\" data-col-size=\"md\">Content creation\/brand deals<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"3221\" data-end=\"3340\">\n<td data-start=\"3221\" data-end=\"3242\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"3223\" data-end=\"3241\">Asset enablers<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"3242\" data-end=\"3269\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Monetizing a major asset<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"3269\" data-end=\"3304\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Medium\u2013high (car\/home\/equipment)<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"3304\" data-end=\"3340\" data-col-size=\"md\">Ride-hailing, short-term rentals<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"3341\" data-end=\"3438\">\n<td data-start=\"3341\" data-end=\"3355\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"3343\" data-end=\"3354\">Taskers<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"3355\" data-end=\"3387\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Completing standardized tasks<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"3387\" data-end=\"3395\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Lower<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"3395\" data-end=\"3438\" data-col-size=\"md\">Delivery, microtasks, on-demand errands<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p data-start=\"3440\" data-end=\"3732\"><strong data-start=\"3440\" data-end=\"3474\">Why this matters (fact-based):<\/strong> policies designed for a high-skill contractor won\u2019t match the realities of low-barrier task work\u2014and official statistics confirm gig work spans very different activities (delivery, transport, selling goods, rentals, content creation, professional services).<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"3734\" data-end=\"3737\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"3739\" data-end=\"3823\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Truth_3_%E2%80%94_Gig_work_is_often_not_%E2%80%9Cjust_extra_money%E2%80%9D_for_many_its_the_main_job\"><\/span>Truth #3 \u2014 Gig work is often <em data-start=\"3771\" data-end=\"3776\">not<\/em> \u201cjust extra money\u201d; for many it\u2019s the main job<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"3825\" data-end=\"3969\">A key shift in Canada\u2019s official survey-based measurement is the explicit estimate of gig work as a <strong data-start=\"3925\" data-end=\"3937\">main job<\/strong>: <strong data-start=\"3939\" data-end=\"3957\">871,000 people<\/strong> in Q4 2022.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3971\" data-end=\"4018\">Also important: official measurement separates:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4019\" data-end=\"4167\">\n<li data-start=\"4019\" data-end=\"4057\">\n<p data-start=\"4021\" data-end=\"4057\"><strong data-start=\"4021\" data-end=\"4050\">self-employed gig workers<\/strong>, and<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4058\" data-end=\"4167\">\n<p data-start=\"4060\" data-end=\"4167\"><strong data-start=\"4060\" data-end=\"4078\">paid employees<\/strong> whose main jobs still have gig-like characteristics (short tasks, no steady work, etc.).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 data-start=\"1433\" data-end=\"1502\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2899\" src=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Screenshot-2025-12-21-062641.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1306\" height=\"703\" srcset=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Screenshot-2025-12-21-062641.png 1306w, https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Screenshot-2025-12-21-062641-300x161.png 300w, https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Screenshot-2025-12-21-062641-1030x554.png 1030w, https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Screenshot-2025-12-21-062641-768x413.png 768w, https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Screenshot-2025-12-21-062641-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Screenshot-2025-12-21-062641-705x379.png 705w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1306px) 100vw, 1306px\" \/><\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"4169\" data-end=\"4215\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Table_4_%E2%80%94_Gig_work_as_a_main_job_Q4_2022\"><\/span>Table 4 \u2014 Gig work as a main job (Q4 2022)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"TyagGW_tableContainer\">\n<div class=\"group TyagGW_tableWrapper flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"4217\" data-end=\"4411\">\n<thead data-start=\"4217\" data-end=\"4238\">\n<tr data-start=\"4217\" data-end=\"4238\">\n<th data-start=\"4217\" data-end=\"4228\" data-col-size=\"md\">Category<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"4228\" data-end=\"4238\" data-col-size=\"sm\">People<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"4250\" data-end=\"4411\">\n<tr data-start=\"4250\" data-end=\"4294\">\n<td data-start=\"4250\" data-end=\"4279\" data-col-size=\"md\">Total gig work as main job<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"4279\" data-end=\"4294\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"4281\" data-end=\"4292\">871,000<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"4295\" data-end=\"4337\">\n<td data-start=\"4295\" data-end=\"4322\" data-col-size=\"md\">Self-employed (main job)<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"4322\" data-end=\"4337\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"4324\" data-end=\"4335\">624,000<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"4338\" data-end=\"4411\">\n<td data-start=\"4338\" data-end=\"4396\" data-col-size=\"md\">Paid employees with gig-like characteristics (main job)<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"4396\" data-end=\"4411\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"4398\" data-end=\"4409\">247,000<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr data-start=\"4413\" data-end=\"4416\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"4418\" data-end=\"4530\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Truth_4_%E2%80%94_Womens_long-run_income_changes_after_entering_gig_work_differ_from_mens_in_tax-linked_analysis\"><\/span>Truth #4 \u2014 Women\u2019s long-run income changes after entering gig work differ from men\u2019s (in tax-linked analysis)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"4532\" data-end=\"4794\">Canadian analysis using linked administrative data (reported in major Canadian research syntheses) finds that <strong data-start=\"4642\" data-end=\"4680\">five years after entering gig work<\/strong>, total incomes changed differently for women vs men\u2014driven partly by different changes in T4 (employee) earnings.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"4796\" data-end=\"4885\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Table_5_%E2%80%94_Income_changes_5_years_after_entering_gig_work_relative_to_5_years_before\"><\/span>Table 5 \u2014 Income changes 5 years after entering gig work (relative to 5 years before)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"TyagGW_tableContainer\">\n<div class=\"group TyagGW_tableWrapper flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"4887\" data-end=\"5046\">\n<thead data-start=\"4887\" data-end=\"4928\">\n<tr data-start=\"4887\" data-end=\"4928\">\n<th data-start=\"4887\" data-end=\"4913\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Outcome (after 5 years)<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"4913\" data-end=\"4919\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Men<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"4919\" data-end=\"4928\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Women<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"4945\" data-end=\"5046\">\n<tr data-start=\"4945\" data-end=\"5002\">\n<td data-start=\"4945\" data-end=\"4981\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Change in total income (gig + T4)<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"4981\" data-end=\"4991\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"4983\" data-end=\"4990\">+1%<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"4991\" data-end=\"5002\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"4993\" data-end=\"5000\">+8%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"5003\" data-end=\"5046\">\n<td data-start=\"5003\" data-end=\"5025\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Change in T4 income<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"5025\" data-end=\"5035\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"5027\" data-end=\"5034\">\u22128%<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"5035\" data-end=\"5046\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"5037\" data-end=\"5044\">\u22125%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p data-start=\"5048\" data-end=\"5252\"><strong data-start=\"5048\" data-end=\"5082\">Interpretation (kept factual):<\/strong> the results indicate the <em data-start=\"5108\" data-end=\"5113\">net<\/em> income trajectory differs by gender in this dataset; it does <strong data-start=\"5175\" data-end=\"5182\">not<\/strong> imply pay gaps disappear, nor does it show why the differences occur.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"5254\" data-end=\"5257\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"5259\" data-end=\"5357\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Truth_5_%E2%80%94_For_newcomers_gig_work_can_be_an_entry_point%E2%80%94but_underemployment_remains_measurable\"><\/span>Truth #5 \u2014 For newcomers, gig work can be an entry point\u2014but underemployment remains measurable<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"5359\" data-end=\"5569\">Multiple Canadian datasets show newcomers can be more likely to appear in gig work measures, while separate labour-market research tracks credential-to-job mismatch (\u201covereducation\u201d and skill underutilization).<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5571\" data-end=\"5608\">Two widely cited Canadian indicators:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"5610\" data-end=\"6048\">\n<li data-start=\"5610\" data-end=\"5774\">\n<p data-start=\"5612\" data-end=\"5774\"><strong data-start=\"5612\" data-end=\"5648\">Tax-based gig prevalence (2016):<\/strong> recent male immigrants (in Canada &lt;5 years) showed a higher gig-work prevalence than Canadian-born men in the same dataset.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5775\" data-end=\"6048\">\n<p data-start=\"5777\" data-end=\"6048\"><strong data-start=\"5777\" data-end=\"5826\">Overeducation among recent immigrants (2021):<\/strong> the share of recent immigrants with a bachelor\u2019s degree or higher working in jobs requiring only high-school or less was reported as <strong data-start=\"5960\" data-end=\"5969\">26.7%<\/strong> (with a decline from 2016 also reported in the same statistical line of work).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 data-start=\"1433\" data-end=\"1502\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2898 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Screenshot-2025-12-21-062702.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1243\" height=\"682\" srcset=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Screenshot-2025-12-21-062702.png 1243w, https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Screenshot-2025-12-21-062702-300x165.png 300w, https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Screenshot-2025-12-21-062702-1030x565.png 1030w, https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Screenshot-2025-12-21-062702-768x421.png 768w, https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Screenshot-2025-12-21-062702-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Screenshot-2025-12-21-062702-705x387.png 705w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1243px) 100vw, 1243px\" \/><\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"6050\" data-end=\"6122\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Table_6_%E2%80%94_Newcomers_and_labour-market_mismatch_indicators_selected\"><\/span>Table 6 \u2014 Newcomers and labour-market mismatch indicators (selected)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"TyagGW_tableContainer\">\n<div class=\"group TyagGW_tableWrapper flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"6124\" data-end=\"6500\">\n<thead data-start=\"6124\" data-end=\"6173\">\n<tr data-start=\"6124\" data-end=\"6173\">\n<th data-start=\"6124\" data-end=\"6136\" data-col-size=\"md\">Indicator<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"6136\" data-end=\"6155\" data-col-size=\"sm\">What it measures<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"6155\" data-end=\"6173\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Reported value<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"6189\" data-end=\"6500\">\n<tr data-start=\"6189\" data-end=\"6299\">\n<td data-start=\"6189\" data-end=\"6245\" data-col-size=\"md\">Recent male immigrants in gig work (2016, tax-linked)<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"6245\" data-end=\"6286\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Prevalence in one tax-based definition<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"6286\" data-end=\"6299\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"6288\" data-end=\"6297\">10.8%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"6300\" data-end=\"6389\">\n<td data-start=\"6300\" data-end=\"6345\" data-col-size=\"md\">Canadian-born men in gig work (2016, same)<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"6345\" data-end=\"6377\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Prevalence in same definition<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"6377\" data-end=\"6389\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"6379\" data-end=\"6387\">6.1%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"6390\" data-end=\"6500\">\n<td data-start=\"6390\" data-end=\"6452\" data-col-size=\"md\">Overeducation rate (2021, recent immigrants w\/ bachelor\u2019s+)<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"6452\" data-end=\"6487\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Degree holders in low-skill jobs<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"6487\" data-end=\"6500\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"6489\" data-end=\"6498\">26.7%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr data-start=\"6502\" data-end=\"6505\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"6507\" data-end=\"6589\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Truth_6_%E2%80%94_%E2%80%9CApp_work%E2%80%9D_is_growing%E2%80%94and_its_measurable_by_specific_activity_types\"><\/span>Truth #6 \u2014 \u201cApp work\u201d is growing\u2014and it\u2019s measurable by specific activity types<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"6591\" data-end=\"6781\">Digital platform work (paid through apps\/websites that coordinate work and\/or payments) is a <strong data-start=\"6684\" data-end=\"6703\">measured subset<\/strong> of the gig economy in Canada\u2014and it\u2019s large enough to break down by activity.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"6783\" data-end=\"6850\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Table_7_%E2%80%94_Platform_work_by_activity_12_months_ending_Dec_2024\"><\/span>Table 7 \u2014 Platform work by activity (12 months ending Dec 2024)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"TyagGW_tableContainer\">\n<div class=\"group TyagGW_tableWrapper flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"6852\" data-end=\"7293\">\n<thead data-start=\"6852\" data-end=\"6890\">\n<tr data-start=\"6852\" data-end=\"6890\">\n<th data-start=\"6852\" data-end=\"6868\" data-col-size=\"md\">Activity type<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"6868\" data-end=\"6890\" data-col-size=\"sm\">People (thousands)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"6902\" data-end=\"7293\">\n<tr data-start=\"6902\" data-end=\"6946\">\n<td data-start=\"6902\" data-end=\"6933\" data-col-size=\"md\">Delivery of food\/other goods<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"6933\" data-end=\"6946\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"6935\" data-end=\"6944\">262.6<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"6947\" data-end=\"6981\">\n<td data-start=\"6947\" data-end=\"6968\" data-col-size=\"md\">Personal transport<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"6968\" data-end=\"6981\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"6970\" data-end=\"6979\">151.2<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"6982\" data-end=\"7011\">\n<td data-start=\"6982\" data-end=\"6998\" data-col-size=\"md\">Selling goods<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"6998\" data-end=\"7011\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"7000\" data-end=\"7009\">138.1<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"7012\" data-end=\"7068\">\n<td data-start=\"7012\" data-end=\"7056\" data-col-size=\"md\">Renting out accommodation\/goods\/equipment<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"7056\" data-end=\"7068\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"7058\" data-end=\"7066\">63.2<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"7069\" data-end=\"7100\">\n<td data-start=\"7069\" data-end=\"7088\" data-col-size=\"md\">Content creation<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"7088\" data-end=\"7100\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"7090\" data-end=\"7098\">39.6<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"7101\" data-end=\"7137\">\n<td data-start=\"7101\" data-end=\"7125\" data-col-size=\"md\">Professional services<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"7125\" data-end=\"7137\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"7127\" data-end=\"7135\">29.3<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"7138\" data-end=\"7218\">\n<td data-start=\"7138\" data-end=\"7206\" data-col-size=\"md\">Programming\/coding\/data analysis\/video editing\/web\/graphic design<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"7206\" data-end=\"7218\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"7208\" data-end=\"7216\">28.2<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"7219\" data-end=\"7251\">\n<td data-start=\"7219\" data-end=\"7239\" data-col-size=\"md\">Pet\/house sitting<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"7239\" data-end=\"7251\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"7241\" data-end=\"7249\">24.2<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"7252\" data-end=\"7293\">\n<td data-start=\"7252\" data-end=\"7281\" data-col-size=\"md\">Tutoring\/teaching\/training<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"7281\" data-end=\"7293\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"7283\" data-end=\"7291\">17.3<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p data-start=\"7295\" data-end=\"7488\">Official releases also report demographic differences in platform-work participation (e.g., higher reported participation among recent immigrants in the \u201cpast 12 months\u201d platform-work measure).<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"7490\" data-end=\"7493\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"7495\" data-end=\"7581\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Related_What_the_data_says_about_Canadas_AI_talent_pull%E2%80%94and_friction_after_arrival\"><\/span>Related: What the data says about Canada\u2019s AI talent pull\u2014and friction after arrival<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"7583\" data-end=\"7785\">Some of the same structural questions (mobility, immigration friction, global competition) appear in AI talent research. A survey of researchers publishing at top AI conferences (NeurIPS\/ICML) reported:<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"7787\" data-end=\"7870\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Table_8_%E2%80%94_AI_researchers_reported_mobility_preferences_selected_destinations\"><\/span>Table 8 \u2014 AI researchers\u2019 reported mobility preferences (selected destinations)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"TyagGW_tableContainer\">\n<div class=\"group TyagGW_tableWrapper flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"7872\" data-end=\"8024\">\n<thead data-start=\"7872\" data-end=\"7935\">\n<tr data-start=\"7872\" data-end=\"7935\">\n<th data-start=\"7872\" data-end=\"7886\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Destination<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"7886\" data-end=\"7935\" data-col-size=\"md\">Share reporting a \u226525% chance of moving there<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"7947\" data-end=\"8024\">\n<tr data-start=\"7947\" data-end=\"7974\">\n<td data-start=\"7947\" data-end=\"7963\" data-col-size=\"sm\">United States<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"7963\" data-end=\"7974\" data-col-size=\"md\"><strong data-start=\"7965\" data-end=\"7972\">58%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"7975\" data-end=\"8003\">\n<td data-start=\"7975\" data-end=\"7992\" data-col-size=\"sm\">United Kingdom<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"7992\" data-end=\"8003\" data-col-size=\"md\"><strong data-start=\"7994\" data-end=\"8001\">35%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"8004\" data-end=\"8024\">\n<td data-start=\"8004\" data-end=\"8013\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Canada<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8013\" data-end=\"8024\" data-col-size=\"md\"><strong data-start=\"8015\" data-end=\"8022\">28%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 data-start=\"8026\" data-end=\"8109\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Table_9_%E2%80%94_What_drives_AI_researchers_moving_decisions_share_selecting_factor\"><\/span>Table 9 \u2014 What drives AI researchers\u2019 moving decisions (share selecting factor)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"TyagGW_tableContainer\">\n<div class=\"group TyagGW_tableWrapper flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"8111\" data-end=\"8340\">\n<thead data-start=\"8111\" data-end=\"8151\">\n<tr data-start=\"8111\" data-end=\"8151\">\n<th data-start=\"8111\" data-end=\"8142\" data-col-size=\"md\">Factor selected as important<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"8142\" data-end=\"8151\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Share<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"8163\" data-end=\"8340\">\n<tr data-start=\"8163\" data-end=\"8217\">\n<td data-start=\"8163\" data-end=\"8206\" data-col-size=\"md\">Professional opportunities &amp; environment<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8206\" data-end=\"8217\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"8208\" data-end=\"8215\">91%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"8218\" data-end=\"8264\">\n<td data-start=\"8218\" data-end=\"8253\" data-col-size=\"md\">Ease of immigration \/ incentives<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8253\" data-end=\"8264\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"8255\" data-end=\"8262\">47%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"8265\" data-end=\"8340\">\n<td data-start=\"8265\" data-end=\"8329\" data-col-size=\"md\">Immigration difficulties in current country (a \u201cpush\u201d factor)<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8329\" data-end=\"8340\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"8331\" data-end=\"8338\">24%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 data-start=\"8342\" data-end=\"8471\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Table_10_%E2%80%94_Share_reporting_visaimmigration_issues_as_a_serious_impediment_to_high-quality_AI_research_country_of_residence\"><\/span>Table 10 \u2014 Share reporting visa\/immigration issues as a serious impediment to high-quality AI research (country of residence)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"TyagGW_tableContainer\">\n<div class=\"group TyagGW_tableWrapper flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"8473\" data-end=\"8623\">\n<thead data-start=\"8473\" data-end=\"8534\">\n<tr data-start=\"8473\" data-end=\"8534\">\n<th data-start=\"8473\" data-end=\"8496\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Country of residence<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"8496\" data-end=\"8534\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Share reporting serious impediment<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"8546\" data-end=\"8623\">\n<tr data-start=\"8546\" data-end=\"8573\">\n<td data-start=\"8546\" data-end=\"8562\" data-col-size=\"sm\">United States<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8562\" data-end=\"8573\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"8564\" data-end=\"8571\">69%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"8574\" data-end=\"8602\">\n<td data-start=\"8574\" data-end=\"8591\" data-col-size=\"sm\">United Kingdom<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8591\" data-end=\"8602\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"8593\" data-end=\"8600\">44%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"8603\" data-end=\"8623\">\n<td data-start=\"8603\" data-end=\"8612\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Canada<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8612\" data-end=\"8623\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"8614\" data-end=\"8621\">29%<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr data-start=\"8625\" data-end=\"8628\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"8630\" data-end=\"8649\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQs_AEO-ready\"><\/span>FAQs (AEO-ready)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"8651\" data-end=\"9074\"><strong data-start=\"8651\" data-end=\"8686\">How many Canadians do gig work?<\/strong><br data-start=\"8686\" data-end=\"8689\" \/>It depends on the definition. Canada\u2019s official survey-based estimates include <strong data-start=\"8768\" data-end=\"8779\">871,000<\/strong> people whose <strong data-start=\"8793\" data-end=\"8805\">main job<\/strong> had gig characteristics (Q4 2022) and about <strong data-start=\"8850\" data-end=\"8865\">1.5 million<\/strong> who reported doing gig work at <strong data-start=\"8897\" data-end=\"8937\">some point in the previous 12 months<\/strong>. A narrower measure of <strong data-start=\"8961\" data-end=\"8987\">paid app\/platform work<\/strong> counted <strong data-start=\"8996\" data-end=\"9015\">468,000 in 2023<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"9020\" data-end=\"9031\">665,000<\/strong> in the 12 months ending <strong data-start=\"9056\" data-end=\"9073\">December 2024<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"9076\" data-end=\"9252\"><strong data-start=\"9076\" data-end=\"9129\">Is app-based platform work the whole gig economy?<\/strong><br data-start=\"9129\" data-end=\"9132\" \/>No. Official statistics treat platform work as <strong data-start=\"9179\" data-end=\"9196\">one component<\/strong>; gig work can also be arranged offline or outside apps.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"9254\" data-end=\"9483\"><strong data-start=\"9254\" data-end=\"9289\">Do most gig workers earn a lot?<\/strong><br data-start=\"9289\" data-end=\"9292\" \/>Tax-based analysis of one definition found the <strong data-start=\"9339\" data-end=\"9382\">median net gig income was $4,303 (2016)<\/strong>, and gig work was often temporary\u2014though a substantial minority remained gig workers multiple years.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"9485\" data-end=\"9828\"><strong data-start=\"9485\" data-end=\"9540\">Are newcomers more exposed to gig work or mismatch?<\/strong><br data-start=\"9540\" data-end=\"9543\" \/>Some Canadian datasets show higher gig-work prevalence among recent immigrants (in specific tax-based measures), and labour-market mismatch indicators report measurable overeducation among recent immigrants with degrees (e.g., <strong data-start=\"9770\" data-end=\"9787\">26.7% in 2021<\/strong> in a commonly cited statistical series).<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"9485\" data-end=\"9828\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Canadian_Gig_Worker_and_Immigrant_Labour_Market_Trends\"><\/span>Canadian Gig Worker and Immigrant Labour Market Trends<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<table class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"0\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"0\">Worker Segment<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"14\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"14\">Employment Status<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"31\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"31\">Primary Motivations<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"50\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"50\">Skill or Capital Requirements<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"79\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"79\">Income Contribution Percentage<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"109\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"109\">Key Barriers and Challenges<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"136\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"136\">Insurance and Benefit Coverage<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"166\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"166\">Source<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"172\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"172\">Recent Immigrants<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"189\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"189\">Primary or supplemental income source<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"226\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"226\">Financial necessity due to rising cost of living; survival jobs while seeking skill-commensurate employment<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"333\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"333\">Often highly educated (High human capital) but face barriers in recognition; devalued credentials; low social capital<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"450\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"450\">Gig income to T4 income ratio is higher among new immigrants than Canadian-born<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"529\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"529\">Devaluation of foreign credentials and experience; lack of social and professional networks; discrimination; Canadian experience requirements<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"670\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"670\">Lower health and pension enrollment; higher risk of being uninsured for exclusive giggers<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"759\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"759\">[1-4]<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"764\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"764\">The Platform Professional<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"789\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"789\">Primary or supplemental income source<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"826\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"826\">Selling individual capabilities for contract fees; leveraging high skill levels for maximum returns<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"925\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"925\">High human capital (specialized skills); high economic capital (investment in assets or education); high social capital<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1044\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1044\">Variable (General gig average: 15% of total income)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1095\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1095\">Platforms may de-skill work by isolating capabilities; market competition; race to the bottom in pricing<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1199\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1199\">Often lack employer-provided benefits; higher risk of being uninsured compared to employees<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1290\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1290\">[1, 2]<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1296\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1296\">The Asset Enabler<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1313\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1313\">Primary or supplemental income source<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1350\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1350\">Monetizing personal durable assets (cars, homes); service-based work tied to asset availability<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1445\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1445\">Low human capital (entry-level skills); high economic capital (ownership or leasing of property\/vehicles); high social capital<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1571\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1571\">Variable (General gig average: 15% of total income)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1622\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1622\">High barrier to entry due to asset requirements; platform commission fees; risk and cost shifted to the worker<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1732\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1732\">Often lack traditional benefits; 50% of those relying exclusively on gig work are uninsured<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1823\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1823\">[1, 2]<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1829\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1829\">The Tasker<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1839\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1839\">Primary or supplemental income source<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1876\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1876\">Filling undesirable task gaps (menial\/everyday work); return correlated to hard work and long hours<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1975\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1975\">Low human capital (simple\/menial tasks); low economic capital (minimal investment needed); low social capital<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"2084\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"2084\">Variable (General gig average: 15% of total income)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"2135\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"2135\">Invisibility of work; undesirable nature of tasks; regulatory arbitrage; lack of worker protections<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"2234\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"2234\">High likelihood of having no insurance; 50% of those relying exclusively on gig work are uninsured<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"2332\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"2332\">[1, 2]<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"2338\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"2338\">[1] A Typology of Gig Workers in Canada &#8211; Future Skills Centre<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"2400\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"2400\">[2] Behind the Gig: Securian Canada Insights<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"2444\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"2444\">[3] A Review of Immigrant Labour Market Barriers, Outcomes and the Role of Employers in Canada Rupa Banerjee &#8211; Institute for Canadian Citizenship<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"2589\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"2589\">[4] Canada is failing to reward top-talent immigrants, hurting GDP: Study &#8211; The Hub<\/span><\/div>\n<hr data-start=\"9830\" data-end=\"9833\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"9835\" data-end=\"9856\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sources_all_links\"><\/span>Sources (all links)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<ul data-start=\"9858\" data-end=\"11461\">\n<li data-start=\"9858\" data-end=\"10008\">\n<p data-start=\"9860\" data-end=\"10008\">Statistics Canada \u2014 <em data-start=\"9880\" data-end=\"9938\">Defining and measuring the gig economy using survey data<\/em> (Daily release, Mar 4, 2024). <span class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"><span class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"><a class=\"flex h-4.5 overflow-hidden rounded-xl px-2 text-[9px] font-medium transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out text-token-text-secondary! bg-[#F4F4F4]! dark:bg-[#303030]!\" href=\"https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/daily-quotidien\/240304\/dq240304b-eng.htm?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"relative start-0 bottom-0 flex h-full w-full items-center\"><span class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between overflow-hidden\"><span class=\"max-w-[15ch] grow truncate overflow-hidden text-center\">Statistics Canada<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10009\" data-end=\"10177\">\n<p data-start=\"10011\" data-end=\"10177\">Statistics Canada \u2014 <em data-start=\"10031\" data-end=\"10089\">Defining and measuring the gig economy using survey data<\/em> (Statistical concepts \/ hub page, Mar 4, 2024). <span class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"><span class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"><a class=\"flex h-4.5 overflow-hidden rounded-xl px-2 text-[9px] font-medium transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out text-token-text-secondary! bg-[#F4F4F4]! dark:bg-[#303030]!\" href=\"https:\/\/www.statcan.gc.ca\/en\/subjects-start\/labour_\/working-gig-economy?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"relative start-0 bottom-0 flex h-full w-full items-center\"><span class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between overflow-hidden\"><span class=\"max-w-[15ch] grow truncate overflow-hidden text-center\">Statistics Canada<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10178\" data-end=\"10333\">\n<p data-start=\"10180\" data-end=\"10333\">Statistics Canada \u2014 <em data-start=\"10200\" data-end=\"10258\">Defining and measuring the gig economy using survey data<\/em> (analytical article, Mar 4, 2024). <span class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"><span class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"><a class=\"flex h-4.5 overflow-hidden rounded-xl px-2 text-[9px] font-medium transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out text-token-text-secondary! bg-[#F4F4F4]! dark:bg-[#303030]!\" href=\"https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/pub\/75-004-m\/75-004-m2024001-eng.htm?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"relative start-0 bottom-0 flex h-full w-full items-center\"><span class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between overflow-hidden\"><span class=\"max-w-[15ch] grow truncate overflow-hidden text-center\">Statistics Canada<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10334\" data-end=\"10501\">\n<p data-start=\"10336\" data-end=\"10501\">Statistics Canada \u2014 <em data-start=\"10356\" data-end=\"10403\">The Daily: Labour Force Survey, December 2024<\/em> (platform work count + demographic splits, Jan 10, 2025). <span class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"><span class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"><a class=\"flex h-4.5 overflow-hidden rounded-xl px-2 text-[9px] font-medium transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out text-token-text-secondary! bg-[#F4F4F4]! dark:bg-[#303030]!\" href=\"https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/daily-quotidien\/250110\/dq250110a-eng.htm?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"relative start-0 bottom-0 flex h-full w-full items-center\"><span class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between overflow-hidden\"><span class=\"max-w-[15ch] grow truncate overflow-hidden text-center\">Statistics Canada<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10502\" data-end=\"10677\">\n<p data-start=\"10504\" data-end=\"10677\">Statistics Canada \u2014 <em data-start=\"10524\" data-end=\"10622\">Number of persons who did paid work through digital platforms\u2026 12 months ending in December 2024<\/em> (May 1, 2025). <span class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"><span class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"><a class=\"flex h-4.5 overflow-hidden rounded-xl px-2 text-[9px] font-medium transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out text-token-text-secondary! bg-[#F4F4F4]! dark:bg-[#303030]!\" href=\"https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/daily-quotidien\/250110\/cg-a005-eng.htm?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"relative start-0 bottom-0 flex h-full w-full items-center\"><span class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between overflow-hidden\"><span class=\"max-w-[15ch] grow truncate overflow-hidden text-center\">Statistics Canada<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10678\" data-end=\"10873\">\n<p data-start=\"10680\" data-end=\"10873\">Statistics Canada \u2014 <em data-start=\"10700\" data-end=\"10763\">Measuring the Gig Economy in Canada Using Administrative Data<\/em> (2019; tax-based definition, prevalence, median income, persistence). <span class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"><span class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"><a class=\"flex h-4.5 overflow-hidden rounded-xl px-2 text-[9px] font-medium transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out text-token-text-secondary! bg-[#F4F4F4]! dark:bg-[#303030]!\" href=\"https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/pub\/11f0019m\/11f0019m2019025-eng.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"relative start-0 bottom-0 flex h-full w-full items-center\"><span class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between overflow-hidden\"><span class=\"max-w-[15ch] grow truncate overflow-hidden text-center\">Statistics Canada<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10874\" data-end=\"11071\">\n<p data-start=\"10876\" data-end=\"11071\">Public Policy Forum \u2014 <em data-start=\"10898\" data-end=\"10961\">Understanding the Nature and Experience of Gig Work in Canada<\/em> (gender income changes; synthesis of tax-linked findings, July 2020). <span class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"><span class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"><a class=\"flex h-4.5 overflow-hidden rounded-xl px-2 text-[9px] font-medium transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out text-token-text-secondary! bg-[#F4F4F4]! dark:bg-[#303030]!\" href=\"https:\/\/ppforum.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/UnderstandingTheNatureAndExperienceOfGigWorkInCanada-PPF-July2020-EN.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"relative start-0 bottom-0 flex h-full w-full items-center\"><span class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between overflow-hidden\"><span class=\"max-w-[15ch] grow truncate overflow-hidden text-center\">Public Policy Forum<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11072\" data-end=\"11283\">\n<p data-start=\"11074\" data-end=\"11283\">arXiv \u2014 <em data-start=\"11082\" data-end=\"11162\">Skilled and Mobile: Survey Evidence of AI Researchers\u2019 Immigration Preferences<\/em> (NeurIPS\/ICML survey; destination preferences; decision factors; visa friction). <span class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"><span class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"><a class=\"flex h-4.5 overflow-hidden rounded-xl px-2 text-[9px] font-medium transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out text-token-text-secondary! bg-[#F4F4F4]! dark:bg-[#303030]!\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/2104.07237\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"relative start-0 bottom-0 flex h-full w-full items-center\"><span class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between overflow-hidden\"><span class=\"max-w-[15ch] grow truncate overflow-hidden text-center\">arXiv<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11284\" data-end=\"11461\">\n<p data-start=\"11286\" data-end=\"11461\">Centre for the Governance of AI \u2014 <em data-start=\"11320\" data-end=\"11392\">The Immigration Preferences of Top AI Researchers: New Survey Evidence<\/em> (expanded report and figures). <span class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"><span class=\"ms-1 inline-flex max-w-full items-center relative top-[-0.094rem] animate-[show_150ms_ease-in]\" data-testid=\"webpage-citation-pill\"><a class=\"flex h-4.5 overflow-hidden rounded-xl px-2 text-[9px] font-medium transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out text-token-text-secondary! bg-[#F4F4F4]! dark:bg-[#303030]!\" href=\"https:\/\/cdn.governance.ai\/The_Immigration_Preferences_of_Top_AI_Researchers_-_New_Survey_Evidence.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"relative start-0 bottom-0 flex h-full w-full items-center\"><span class=\"flex h-4 w-full items-center justify-between overflow-hidden\"><span class=\"max-w-[15ch] grow truncate overflow-hidden text-center\">cdn.governance.ai<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Canada\u2019s gig economy is often described as \u201cpeople doing extra work for extra cash.\u201d But Canadian data shows a more complex picture: gig work includes main jobs, short tasks, and app-based platform work\u2014and different measurement methods can produce very different \u201chow big is it?\u201d answers. Learn more here: The_Great_Unbundling_of_Work Canada\u2019s gig economy in numbers (why [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2852,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[919],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2897","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-business-corporate"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>6 Research-Backed Truths About Canada\u2019s Gig Economy (That Go Beyond the \u201cSide Hustle\u201d) - Inspiring Canadians<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/6-research-backed-truths-about-canadas-gig-economy-that-go-beyond-the-side-hustle\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_CA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"6 Research-Backed Truths About Canada\u2019s Gig Economy (That Go Beyond the \u201cSide Hustle\u201d) - Inspiring Canadians\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Canada\u2019s gig economy is often described as \u201cpeople doing extra work for extra cash.\u201d But Canadian data shows a more complex picture: gig work includes main jobs, short tasks, and app-based platform work\u2014and different measurement methods can produce very different \u201chow big is it?\u201d answers. 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