{"id":2893,"date":"2025-12-21T11:42:30","date_gmt":"2025-12-21T11:42:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/?p=2893"},"modified":"2025-12-21T11:47:13","modified_gmt":"2025-12-21T11:47:13","slug":"emigration-in-canada-and-brain-drain-what-the-data-shows","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/emigration-in-canada-and-brain-drain-what-the-data-shows\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019\u00e9migration au Canada et la \u201c fuite des cerveaux \u201d : que r\u00e9v\u00e8lent les donn\u00e9es ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/emigration-in-canada-and-brain-drain-what-the-data-shows\/#Emigration_in_Canada_and_%E2%80%9CBrain_Drain%E2%80%9D_What_the_Data_Shows\" >Emigration in Canada and \u201cBrain Drain\u201d: What the Data Shows<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/emigration-in-canada-and-brain-drain-what-the-data-shows\/#Overview\" >Overview<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/emigration-in-canada-and-brain-drain-what-the-data-shows\/#Key_definitions_for_clear_measurement\" >Key definitions (for clear measurement)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/emigration-in-canada-and-brain-drain-what-the-data-shows\/#What_is_an_emigrant_in_Canadian_population_statistics\" >What is an emigrant in Canadian population statistics?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/emigration-in-canada-and-brain-drain-what-the-data-shows\/#What_is_%E2%80%9Cbrain_drain%E2%80%9D\" >What is \u201cbrain drain\u201d?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/emigration-in-canada-and-brain-drain-what-the-data-shows\/#Table_1_At-a-glance_indicators_used_in_this_article\" >Table 1. At-a-glance indicators used in this article<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/emigration-in-canada-and-brain-drain-what-the-data-shows\/#1_Canadas_diaspora_how_many_Canadian-born_people_live_abroad\" >1) Canada\u2019s diaspora: how many Canadian-born people live abroad?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/emigration-in-canada-and-brain-drain-what-the-data-shows\/#2_Recent_emigration_flows_what_annual_demographic_estimates_show\" >2) Recent emigration flows: what annual demographic estimates show<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/emigration-in-canada-and-brain-drain-what-the-data-shows\/#Table_2_Example_year-over-year_emigration_components_Canada\" >Table 2. Example year-over-year emigration components (Canada)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/emigration-in-canada-and-brain-drain-what-the-data-shows\/#3_A_measurable_proxy_for_%E2%80%9Cbrain_drain%E2%80%9D_Canadians_pursuing_long-term_skilled_jobs_in_the_US\" >3) A measurable proxy for \u201cbrain drain\u201d: Canadians pursuing long-term skilled jobs in the U.S.<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/emigration-in-canada-and-brain-drain-what-the-data-shows\/#Table_3_Selected_characteristics_of_Canadian_citizens_applying_for_US_labour_certification\" >Table 3. Selected characteristics of Canadian citizens applying for U.S. labour certification<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/emigration-in-canada-and-brain-drain-what-the-data-shows\/#4_Labour-market_context_gig_work_and_digital_platform_work_in_Canada\" >4) Labour-market context: gig work and digital platform work in Canada<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/emigration-in-canada-and-brain-drain-what-the-data-shows\/#Gig_work_main_job_measured_in_Q4_2022\" >Gig work (main job) measured in Q4 2022<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/emigration-in-canada-and-brain-drain-what-the-data-shows\/#Digital_platform_work_measured_in_2024_12-month_prevalence\" >Digital platform work measured in 2024 (12-month prevalence)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/emigration-in-canada-and-brain-drain-what-the-data-shows\/#Table_4_Gig_work_vs_digital_platform_work_what_each_measure_captures\" >Table 4. Gig work vs digital platform work (what each measure captures)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/emigration-in-canada-and-brain-drain-what-the-data-shows\/#5_What_the_data_can_and_cannot_conclude_about_%E2%80%9Cbrain_drain%E2%80%9D_in_Canada\" >5) What the data can and cannot conclude about \u201cbrain drain\u201d in Canada<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/emigration-in-canada-and-brain-drain-what-the-data-shows\/#What_can_be_reported_directly\" >What can be reported directly<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/emigration-in-canada-and-brain-drain-what-the-data-shows\/#What_requires_additional_data_to_confirm\" >What requires additional data to confirm<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/emigration-in-canada-and-brain-drain-what-the-data-shows\/#FAQ_AEO-friendly\" >FAQ (AEO-friendly)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/emigration-in-canada-and-brain-drain-what-the-data-shows\/#Is_emigration_from_Canada_measured_officially\" >Is emigration from Canada measured officially?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/emigration-in-canada-and-brain-drain-what-the-data-shows\/#Is_%E2%80%9Cbrain_drain%E2%80%9D_an_official_Statistics_Canada_measure\" >Is \u201cbrain drain\u201d an official Statistics Canada measure?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/emigration-in-canada-and-brain-drain-what-the-data-shows\/#What_is_a_concrete_indicator_of_skilled_moves_from_Canada_to_the_US\" >What is a concrete indicator of skilled moves from Canada to the U.S.?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/emigration-in-canada-and-brain-drain-what-the-data-shows\/#How_big_is_the_Canadian_diaspora\" >How big is the Canadian diaspora?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/emigration-in-canada-and-brain-drain-what-the-data-shows\/#Is_gig_work_the_same_as_platform_work\" >Is gig work the same as platform work?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/emigration-in-canada-and-brain-drain-what-the-data-shows\/#Sources_all_links\" >Sources (all links)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1 data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"61\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Emigration_in_Canada_and_%E2%80%9CBrain_Drain%E2%80%9D_What_the_Data_Shows\"><\/span>Emigration in Canada and \u201cBrain Drain\u201d: What the Data Shows<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/CB868dRuyjQ?si=MRwUH8xtHDImiQD1\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"63\" data-end=\"74\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Overview\"><\/span>Overview<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"75\" data-end=\"263\">Canada is both a major destination for immigrants and a country with measurable outflows of residents and citizens to other countries. Several recent datasets make it possible to describe:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"264\" data-end=\"611\">\n<li data-start=\"264\" data-end=\"315\">\n<p data-start=\"266\" data-end=\"315\">how emigration is defined and tracked in Canada<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"316\" data-end=\"373\">\n<p data-start=\"318\" data-end=\"373\">what long-run \u201cCanadian diaspora\u201d estimates look like<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"374\" data-end=\"419\">\n<p data-start=\"376\" data-end=\"419\">what recent annual emigration counts show<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"420\" data-end=\"494\">\n<p data-start=\"422\" data-end=\"494\">what indicators exist for highly skilled mobility to the United States<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"495\" data-end=\"611\">\n<p data-start=\"497\" data-end=\"611\">how non-standard work (including platform work) appears in recent labour data, including among recent immigrants<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"613\" data-end=\"764\">This article reports findings from official statistical releases and research publications and focuses on definitions, counts, and measurable patterns.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"613\" data-end=\"764\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2894\" src=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/unnamed-33-scaled.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1429\" srcset=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/unnamed-33-scaled.png 2560w, https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/unnamed-33-300x167.png 300w, https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/unnamed-33-1030x575.png 1030w, https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/unnamed-33-768x429.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"766\" data-end=\"769\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"771\" data-end=\"813\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_definitions_for_clear_measurement\"><\/span>Key definitions (for clear measurement)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"815\" data-end=\"873\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_an_emigrant_in_Canadian_population_statistics\"><\/span>What is an emigrant in Canadian population statistics?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"874\" data-end=\"1121\">In Canadian demographic accounting, an <strong data-start=\"913\" data-end=\"925\">emigrant<\/strong> is generally counted as a <strong data-start=\"952\" data-end=\"1039\">Canadian citizen or immigrant who leaves Canada to live abroad on a permanent basis<\/strong> (as defined in Statistics Canada demographic methodology and glossary materials).<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"1123\" data-end=\"1149\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_%E2%80%9Cbrain_drain%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>What is \u201cbrain drain\u201d?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1150\" data-end=\"1334\"><strong data-start=\"1150\" data-end=\"1165\">Brain drain<\/strong> is defined as <strong data-start=\"1180\" data-end=\"1333\">the departure of educated or professional people from one country, economic sector, or field for another, usually for better pay or living conditions<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1336\" data-end=\"1468\"><strong data-start=\"1336\" data-end=\"1370\">Important note on measurement:<\/strong><br data-start=\"1370\" data-end=\"1373\" \/>\u201cBrain drain\u201d is not a single official statistic. It is usually assessed using proxies such as:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1469\" data-end=\"1672\">\n<li data-start=\"1469\" data-end=\"1488\">\n<p data-start=\"1471\" data-end=\"1488\">emigration counts<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1489\" data-end=\"1567\">\n<p data-start=\"1491\" data-end=\"1567\">the characteristics of emigrants (education, occupation, earnings potential)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1568\" data-end=\"1672\">\n<p data-start=\"1570\" data-end=\"1672\">destination-country administrative indicators (for example, U.S. processes tied to skilled employment)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2909\" src=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/unnamed-43.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1376\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/unnamed-43.png 1376w, https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/unnamed-43-300x167.png 300w, https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/unnamed-43-1030x575.png 1030w, https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/unnamed-43-768x429.png 768w, https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/unnamed-43-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/unnamed-43-705x393.png 705w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1376px) 100vw, 1376px\" \/><\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"1674\" data-end=\"1677\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"1679\" data-end=\"1734\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Table_1_At-a-glance_indicators_used_in_this_article\"><\/span>Table 1. At-a-glance indicators used in this article<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"TyagGW_tableContainer\">\n<div class=\"group TyagGW_tableWrapper flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"1736\" data-end=\"2461\">\n<thead data-start=\"1736\" data-end=\"1808\">\n<tr data-start=\"1736\" data-end=\"1808\">\n<th data-start=\"1736\" data-end=\"1744\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Topic<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"1744\" data-end=\"1763\" data-col-size=\"md\">What it measures<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"1763\" data-end=\"1808\" data-col-size=\"md\">Example metric reported in recent sources<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"1823\" data-end=\"2461\">\n<tr data-start=\"1823\" data-end=\"1946\">\n<td data-start=\"1823\" data-end=\"1845\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Emigration (Canada)<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1845\" data-end=\"1894\">Annual number of residents leaving permanently<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1894\" data-end=\"1946\">Emigrants and returning emigrants by fiscal year<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1947\" data-end=\"2100\">\n<td data-start=\"1947\" data-end=\"1967\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Diaspora (abroad)<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1967\" data-end=\"2028\">Canadian-born (or Canadian citizens) living outside Canada<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"2028\" data-end=\"2100\">Canadian-born living abroad (UN-based counts and scenario estimates)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2101\" data-end=\"2288\">\n<td data-start=\"2101\" data-end=\"2133\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Skilled mobility proxy (U.S.)<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"2133\" data-end=\"2195\">Canadians pursuing long-term skilled employment in the U.S.<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"2195\" data-end=\"2288\">Canadian citizens applying for U.S. permanent labour certification (PERM-related dataset)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2289\" data-end=\"2461\">\n<td data-start=\"2289\" data-end=\"2317\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Non-standard work context<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"2317\" data-end=\"2374\">Short-term, task-based work and platform-mediated work<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"2374\" data-end=\"2461\">Gig work prevalence (Q4 2022), platform work prevalence (12 months ending Dec 2024)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr data-start=\"2463\" data-end=\"2466\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"2468\" data-end=\"2535\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Canadas_diaspora_how_many_Canadian-born_people_live_abroad\"><\/span>1) Canada\u2019s diaspora: how many Canadian-born people live abroad?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"2537\" data-end=\"2717\">Statistics Canada has compiled and reconciled multiple approaches to estimating Canadians abroad, including UN-based counts and scenario methods. A headline result in that work is:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2719\" data-end=\"2989\">\n<li data-start=\"2719\" data-end=\"2808\">\n<p data-start=\"2721\" data-end=\"2808\"><strong data-start=\"2721\" data-end=\"2807\">Around 1.3 million people born in Canada were living abroad (2017 UN-based figure)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2809\" data-end=\"2896\">\n<p data-start=\"2811\" data-end=\"2896\">The <strong data-start=\"2815\" data-end=\"2856\">United States is the main destination<\/strong> for Canadian-born people living abroad.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2897\" data-end=\"2989\">\n<p data-start=\"2899\" data-end=\"2989\">The destination mix has diversified over time, with the <strong data-start=\"2955\" data-end=\"2988\">U.S. share lower than in 1990<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2991\" data-end=\"3100\">These estimates describe the <em data-start=\"3020\" data-end=\"3027\">stock<\/em> (how many are abroad), not the annual <em data-start=\"3066\" data-end=\"3072\">flow<\/em> (how many leave each year).<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"3102\" data-end=\"3105\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"3107\" data-end=\"3176\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Recent_emigration_flows_what_annual_demographic_estimates_show\"><\/span>2) Recent emigration flows: what annual demographic estimates show<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"3178\" data-end=\"3319\">Statistics Canada\u2019s annual demographic estimates track emigrants and returning emigrants. In the COVID-era year highlighted in the estimates:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3321\" data-end=\"3592\">\n<li data-start=\"3321\" data-end=\"3415\">\n<p data-start=\"3323\" data-end=\"3415\"><strong data-start=\"3323\" data-end=\"3336\">Emigrants<\/strong> were reported as <strong data-start=\"3354\" data-end=\"3377\">29,677 in 2020\/2021<\/strong>, down from <strong data-start=\"3389\" data-end=\"3412\">36,899 in 2019\/2020<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3416\" data-end=\"3592\">\n<p data-start=\"3418\" data-end=\"3592\"><strong data-start=\"3418\" data-end=\"3441\">Returning emigrants<\/strong> (people returning to re-establish residence in Canada after living abroad) were reported as <strong data-start=\"3534\" data-end=\"3556\">8,256 in 2020\/2021<\/strong>, down from <strong data-start=\"3568\" data-end=\"3591\">54,524 in 2019\/2020<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3594\" data-end=\"3719\">These figures are part of the demographic components used to describe population change and international migration dynamics.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"3721\" data-end=\"3787\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Table_2_Example_year-over-year_emigration_components_Canada\"><\/span>Table 2. Example year-over-year emigration components (Canada)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"TyagGW_tableContainer\">\n<div class=\"group TyagGW_tableWrapper flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"3789\" data-end=\"3915\">\n<thead data-start=\"3789\" data-end=\"3826\">\n<tr data-start=\"3789\" data-end=\"3826\">\n<th data-start=\"3789\" data-end=\"3801\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Component<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"3801\" data-end=\"3813\" data-col-size=\"sm\">2019\/2020<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"3813\" data-end=\"3826\" data-col-size=\"sm\">2020\/2021<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"3843\" data-end=\"3915\">\n<tr data-start=\"3843\" data-end=\"3874\">\n<td data-start=\"3843\" data-end=\"3855\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Emigrants<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"3855\" data-end=\"3864\" data-col-size=\"sm\">36,899<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"3864\" data-end=\"3874\">29,677<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"3875\" data-end=\"3915\">\n<td data-start=\"3875\" data-end=\"3897\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Returning emigrants<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"3897\" data-end=\"3906\">54,524<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"3906\" data-end=\"3915\">8,256<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p data-start=\"3917\" data-end=\"4028\"><em data-start=\"3917\" data-end=\"3946\">Interpretation constraints:<\/em> These counts describe total emigration, not specifically \u201chigh-skill\u201d emigration.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"4030\" data-end=\"4033\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"4035\" data-end=\"4132\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_A_measurable_proxy_for_%E2%80%9Cbrain_drain%E2%80%9D_Canadians_pursuing_long-term_skilled_jobs_in_the_US\"><\/span>3) A measurable proxy for \u201cbrain drain\u201d: Canadians pursuing long-term skilled jobs in the U.S.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"4134\" data-end=\"4395\">One of the clearest \u201chigh-skill mobility\u201d indicators available in recent Canadian analysis is based on <strong data-start=\"4237\" data-end=\"4307\">Canadian citizens applying for U.S. permanent labour certification<\/strong>, a procedural step tied to employer-sponsored permanent residency (Green Card pathway).<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4397\" data-end=\"4448\">Key findings reported for <strong data-start=\"4423\" data-end=\"4439\">2015 vs 2024<\/strong> include:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4450\" data-end=\"5082\">\n<li data-start=\"4450\" data-end=\"4539\">\n<p data-start=\"4452\" data-end=\"4539\">Total Canadian-citizen applicants declined from <strong data-start=\"4500\" data-end=\"4516\">3,309 (2015)<\/strong> to <strong data-start=\"4520\" data-end=\"4536\">2,459 (2024)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4540\" data-end=\"4660\">\n<p data-start=\"4542\" data-end=\"4660\">In 2024, <strong data-start=\"4551\" data-end=\"4603\">foreign-born Canadian citizens accounted for 60%<\/strong> of Canadian applicants (up from 54% a decade earlier).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4661\" data-end=\"4862\">\n<p data-start=\"4663\" data-end=\"4759\">Applicants were concentrated in high-skill fields. In both 2015 and 2024, about <strong data-start=\"4743\" data-end=\"4750\">46%<\/strong> were in:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4762\" data-end=\"4862\">\n<li data-start=\"4762\" data-end=\"4811\">\n<p data-start=\"4764\" data-end=\"4811\"><strong data-start=\"4764\" data-end=\"4805\">computer and mathematical occupations<\/strong>, or<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4814\" data-end=\"4862\">\n<p data-start=\"4816\" data-end=\"4862\"><strong data-start=\"4816\" data-end=\"4860\">architecture and engineering occupations<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4863\" data-end=\"4978\">\n<p data-start=\"4865\" data-end=\"4978\"><strong data-start=\"4865\" data-end=\"4886\">Median wage offer<\/strong> (constant 2024 U.S. dollars) was reported as <strong data-start=\"4932\" data-end=\"4951\">$144,000 (2015)<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"4956\" data-end=\"4975\">$137,000 (2024)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4979\" data-end=\"5082\">\n<p data-start=\"4981\" data-end=\"5082\">The share holding a <strong data-start=\"5001\" data-end=\"5032\">master\u2019s or doctoral degree<\/strong> declined from <strong data-start=\"5047\" data-end=\"5054\">41%<\/strong> to <strong data-start=\"5058\" data-end=\"5065\">31%<\/strong> over the period.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"5084\" data-end=\"5181\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Table_3_Selected_characteristics_of_Canadian_citizens_applying_for_US_labour_certification\"><\/span>Table 3. Selected characteristics of Canadian citizens applying for U.S. labour certification<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"TyagGW_tableContainer\">\n<div class=\"group TyagGW_tableWrapper flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"5183\" data-end=\"5505\">\n<thead data-start=\"5183\" data-end=\"5207\">\n<tr data-start=\"5183\" data-end=\"5207\">\n<th data-start=\"5183\" data-end=\"5192\" data-col-size=\"md\">Metric<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"5192\" data-end=\"5199\" data-col-size=\"sm\">2015<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"5199\" data-end=\"5207\" data-col-size=\"sm\">2024<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"5224\" data-end=\"5505\">\n<tr data-start=\"5224\" data-end=\"5260\">\n<td data-start=\"5224\" data-end=\"5243\" data-col-size=\"md\">Total applicants<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"5243\" data-end=\"5251\">3,309<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"5251\" data-end=\"5260\">2,459<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"5261\" data-end=\"5315\">\n<td data-start=\"5261\" data-end=\"5302\" data-col-size=\"md\">Foreign-born Canadian citizens (share)<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"5302\" data-end=\"5308\">54%<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"5308\" data-end=\"5315\">60%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"5316\" data-end=\"5391\">\n<td data-start=\"5316\" data-end=\"5376\" data-col-size=\"md\">Concentrated in computer\/math OR architecture\/engineering<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"5376\" data-end=\"5383\">~46%<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"5383\" data-end=\"5391\">~46%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"5392\" data-end=\"5453\">\n<td data-start=\"5392\" data-end=\"5432\" data-col-size=\"md\">Median wage offer (constant 2024 USD)<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"5432\" data-end=\"5442\">144,000<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"5442\" data-end=\"5453\">137,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"5454\" data-end=\"5505\">\n<td data-start=\"5454\" data-end=\"5492\" data-col-size=\"md\">Master\u2019s or doctoral degree (share)<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"5492\" data-end=\"5498\">41%<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"5498\" data-end=\"5505\">31%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p data-start=\"5507\" data-end=\"5662\">This dataset is often used as a \u201cbrain drain\u201d proxy because it directly connects mobility to <strong data-start=\"5600\" data-end=\"5631\">skilled employment pathways<\/strong>, occupations, and wage offers.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"5664\" data-end=\"5667\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"5669\" data-end=\"5742\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Labour-market_context_gig_work_and_digital_platform_work_in_Canada\"><\/span>4) Labour-market context: gig work and digital platform work in Canada<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"5744\" data-end=\"5787\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Gig_work_main_job_measured_in_Q4_2022\"><\/span>Gig work (main job) measured in Q4 2022<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"5788\" data-end=\"5872\">A Statistics Canada framework report using Labour Force Survey supplements reported:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"5874\" data-end=\"6336\">\n<li data-start=\"5874\" data-end=\"6164\">\n<p data-start=\"5876\" data-end=\"5981\">In <strong data-start=\"5879\" data-end=\"5890\">Q4 2022<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"5892\" data-end=\"5903\">871,000<\/strong> Canadians had a <strong data-start=\"5920\" data-end=\"5932\">main job<\/strong> with characteristics consistent with gig work.<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"5984\" data-end=\"6164\">\n<li data-start=\"5984\" data-end=\"6081\">\n<p data-start=\"5986\" data-end=\"6081\"><strong data-start=\"5986\" data-end=\"5997\">624,000<\/strong> were self-employed gig workers (as defined in the report\u2019s measurement approach).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6084\" data-end=\"6164\">\n<p data-start=\"6086\" data-end=\"6164\"><strong data-start=\"6086\" data-end=\"6097\">247,000<\/strong> were paid employees in a main job with gig-work characteristics.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6165\" data-end=\"6336\">\n<p data-start=\"6167\" data-end=\"6336\">An additional <strong data-start=\"6181\" data-end=\"6196\">1.5 million<\/strong> people reported doing freelancing, paid gigs, or short-term tasks at some point during the prior 12 months (not necessarily as a main job).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"6338\" data-end=\"6402\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Digital_platform_work_measured_in_2024_12-month_prevalence\"><\/span>Digital platform work measured in 2024 (12-month prevalence)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"6403\" data-end=\"6476\">Statistics Canada\u2019s Labour Force Survey (December 2024 release) reported:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"6478\" data-end=\"7151\">\n<li data-start=\"6478\" data-end=\"6626\">\n<p data-start=\"6480\" data-end=\"6626\"><strong data-start=\"6480\" data-end=\"6540\">665,000 Canadians (2.3% of the population aged 15 to 69)<\/strong> did paid work through a <strong data-start=\"6565\" data-end=\"6585\">digital platform<\/strong> in the 12 months ending December 2024.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6627\" data-end=\"6841\">\n<p data-start=\"6629\" data-end=\"6718\">This included <strong data-start=\"6643\" data-end=\"6654\">495,000<\/strong> providing services through platforms. Common services included:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"6721\" data-end=\"6841\">\n<li data-start=\"6721\" data-end=\"6756\">\n<p data-start=\"6723\" data-end=\"6756\">delivery of food or other goods<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6759\" data-end=\"6781\">\n<p data-start=\"6761\" data-end=\"6781\">personal transport<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6784\" data-end=\"6841\">\n<p data-start=\"6786\" data-end=\"6841\">creation of content (for example, videos or podcasts)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6842\" data-end=\"7151\">\n<p data-start=\"6844\" data-end=\"6914\">The release also reported differences by population groups, including:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"6917\" data-end=\"7151\">\n<li data-start=\"6917\" data-end=\"7031\">\n<p data-start=\"6919\" data-end=\"7031\">higher platform-work rates among some racialized groups compared with non-racialized, non-Indigenous Canadians<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7034\" data-end=\"7151\">\n<p data-start=\"7036\" data-end=\"7151\">higher platform-work rates among immigrants admitted in the previous five years compared with Canadian-born persons<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"7153\" data-end=\"7228\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Table_4_Gig_work_vs_digital_platform_work_what_each_measure_captures\"><\/span>Table 4. Gig work vs digital platform work (what each measure captures)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"TyagGW_tableContainer\">\n<div class=\"group TyagGW_tableWrapper flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"7230\" data-end=\"7585\">\n<thead data-start=\"7230\" data-end=\"7291\">\n<tr data-start=\"7230\" data-end=\"7291\">\n<th data-start=\"7230\" data-end=\"7240\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Measure<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"7240\" data-end=\"7251\" data-col-size=\"lg\">Captures<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"7251\" data-end=\"7291\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Timeframe used in the cited releases<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"7306\" data-end=\"7585\">\n<tr data-start=\"7306\" data-end=\"7417\">\n<td data-start=\"7306\" data-end=\"7328\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Gig work (main job)<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\" data-start=\"7328\" data-end=\"7395\">Short-term tasks or jobs as a main job, can be offline or online<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"7395\" data-end=\"7417\">Q4 2022 (main job)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"7418\" data-end=\"7585\">\n<td data-start=\"7418\" data-end=\"7442\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Digital platform work<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"7442\" data-end=\"7556\" data-col-size=\"lg\">Paid work carried out through apps\/sites that connect workers and clients and coordinate\/monitor\/manage payment<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"7556\" data-end=\"7585\">12 months ending Dec 2024<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p data-start=\"7587\" data-end=\"7821\"><em data-start=\"7587\" data-end=\"7616\">Interpretation constraints:<\/em> These labour measures do not directly measure emigration, but they provide context on non-standard work patterns that can intersect with income stability, occupational matching, and workforce transitions.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"7587\" data-end=\"7821\">\n<hr data-start=\"7823\" data-end=\"7826\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"7828\" data-end=\"7901\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_What_the_data_can_and_cannot_conclude_about_%E2%80%9Cbrain_drain%E2%80%9D_in_Canada\"><\/span>5) What the data can and cannot conclude about \u201cbrain drain\u201d in Canada<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"7903\" data-end=\"7936\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_can_be_reported_directly\"><\/span>What can be reported directly<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"7937\" data-end=\"8262\">\n<li data-start=\"7937\" data-end=\"8011\">\n<p data-start=\"7939\" data-end=\"8011\">Canada has measurable emigration flows and measurable diaspora stocks.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8012\" data-end=\"8127\">\n<p data-start=\"8014\" data-end=\"8127\">There are datasets that describe skilled mobility pathways to the U.S. (including occupations and wage offers).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8128\" data-end=\"8262\">\n<p data-start=\"8130\" data-end=\"8262\">There are official measurements of gig work and platform work prevalence in Canada, including differences across demographic groups.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"8264\" data-end=\"8308\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_requires_additional_data_to_confirm\"><\/span>What requires additional data to confirm<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"8309\" data-end=\"8402\">To quantify \u201cbrain drain\u201d precisely, additional linked evidence is typically needed, such as:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"8403\" data-end=\"8657\">\n<li data-start=\"8403\" data-end=\"8474\">\n<p data-start=\"8405\" data-end=\"8474\">education and occupation of emigrants in Canadian emigration counts<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8475\" data-end=\"8553\">\n<p data-start=\"8477\" data-end=\"8553\">longitudinal tracking of skilled immigrants leaving Canada after admission<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8554\" data-end=\"8657\">\n<p data-start=\"8556\" data-end=\"8657\">destination-country visa categories and labour market outcomes combined with Canadian characteristics<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2906\" src=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/unnamed-44.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1376\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/unnamed-44.png 1376w, https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/unnamed-44-300x167.png 300w, https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/unnamed-44-1030x575.png 1030w, https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/unnamed-44-768x429.png 768w, https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/unnamed-44-18x10.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1376px) 100vw, 1376px\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<table class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"0\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"0\">Indicator Category<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"18\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"18\">Metric Description<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"36\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"36\">United States Data<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"54\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"54\">Canada Data<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"65\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"65\">Comparative Disparity or Gap<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"93\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"93\">Data Year or Period<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"112\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"112\">Key Factors (Inferred)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"134\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"134\">Source<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"140\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"140\">Compensation<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"152\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"152\">Average annual salary for Software Engineers (Toronto vs. San Francisco)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"224\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"224\">$260,000 USD<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"236\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"236\">$106,000 USD<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"248\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"248\">59 percent less in Canada<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"273\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"273\">2023<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"277\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"277\">Venture capital availability, market size, and presence of world-class tech companies in San Francisco.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"380\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"380\">[1]<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"383\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"383\">Earnings Disparity<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"401\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"401\">Earnings of high-skilled immigrants compared to native-born peers<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"466\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"466\">1.2 percent more<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"482\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"482\">16 percent less<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"497\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"497\">17.2 percentage point difference<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"529\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"529\">Last two decades<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"545\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"545\">Better compensation for top-tier distribution in the U.S.; underemployment in Canada.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"630\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"630\">[2]<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"633\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"633\">Employment<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"643\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"643\">Employment rate of high-skilled immigrants relative to native-born peers<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"715\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"715\">8 percent higher<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"731\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"731\">9.5 percent more likely to be unemployed<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"771\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"771\">17.5 percentage point swing<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"798\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"798\">Last two decades<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"814\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"814\">Credential recognition barriers and &#8216;Canadian experience&#8217; requirements in Canada.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"895\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"895\">[2]<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"898\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"898\">Talent Flow<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"909\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"909\">Migration volume and &#8216;Brain Drain&#8217; impact<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"950\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"950\">Accounts for\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\">3\/4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"966\">\u00a0of GDP per adult gap<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"987\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"987\">1 in 5 immigrants leave within 25 years<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1026\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1026\">Departure rates peak in first 5 years<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1063\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1063\">2024\/2025 reports<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1080\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1080\">Lack of income mobility, high cost of living (housing), and better global opportunities.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1168\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1168\">[2, 3]<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1174\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1174\">H-1B Migration<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1188\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1188\">Expedited work-permit program for U.S. H-1B holders<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1239\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1239\">10,000 workers applied to leave U.S.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1275\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1275\">Target met in 48 hours<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1297\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1297\">Direct poaching of U.S. non-citizen talent<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1339\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1339\">July 2023<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1348\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1348\">U.S. H-1B visa fees ($100,000 proposed) and employment-linked residency insecurity in the U.S.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1442\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1442\">[2, 4]<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1448\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1448\">Taxation<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1456\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1456\">Impact of tax rates on high-earning households<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1502\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1502\">Highest marginal rate starts at approx. $250,000 USD<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1554\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1554\">Highest marginal rate starts at approx. $60,000 &#8211; $100,000 CAD<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1616\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1616\">Canada top 20 percent pay &gt;50 percent of all personal taxes<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1675\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1675\">1996 \/ 2025 Study<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1692\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1692\">Higher federal and provincial tax rates in Canada reduce net take-home income.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1770\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1770\">[2, 5]<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1776\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1776\">Housing Costs<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1789\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1789\">Impact of housing on relocation decisions<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1830\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1830\">Double the rent in San Francisco<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1862\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1862\">$200,000+ extra housing cost in tech hubs<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1903\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1903\">San Francisco rent offset by $150,000+ salary premium<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1956\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1956\">2023-2025<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1965\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"1965\">Unaffordable homeownership in Canadian cities (Toronto\/Vancouver) compared to U.S. counterparts.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"2061\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"2061\">[1, 4]<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"2067\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"2067\">[1] Majority of Canadian IT workers say they&#8217;d consider relocating to the US: survey | BetaKit<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"2161\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"2161\">[2] Canada is failing to reward top-talent immigrants, hurting GDP: Study &#8211; The Hub<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"2244\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"2244\">[3] Canada&#8217;s Growing Brain Drain: Why Skilled Immigrants Are Leaving \u2014 and What It Means for the Future<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"2347\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"2347\">[4] How Canada poached 10000 tech workers from the U.S. \u2014 in just 48 hours &#8211; Reddit<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"paragraph normal ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"2430\"><span class=\"ng-star-inserted\" data-start-index=\"2430\">[5] DO TAX DIFFERENCES CAUSE THE BRAIN DRAIN? &#8211; Policy Options<\/span><\/div>\n<hr data-start=\"8659\" data-end=\"8662\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"8664\" data-end=\"8685\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQ_AEO-friendly\"><\/span>FAQ (AEO-friendly)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"8687\" data-end=\"8737\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_emigration_from_Canada_measured_officially\"><\/span>Is emigration from Canada measured officially?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"8738\" data-end=\"8875\">Yes. Statistics Canada publishes demographic estimates that include emigrants and returning emigrants as components of population change.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"8877\" data-end=\"8936\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_%E2%80%9Cbrain_drain%E2%80%9D_an_official_Statistics_Canada_measure\"><\/span>Is \u201cbrain drain\u201d an official Statistics Canada measure?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"8937\" data-end=\"9094\">No. \u201cBrain drain\u201d is a concept typically measured using proxies (for example, skilled-worker flows, high-skill visa pathways, and characteristics of movers).<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"9096\" data-end=\"9170\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_a_concrete_indicator_of_skilled_moves_from_Canada_to_the_US\"><\/span>What is a concrete indicator of skilled moves from Canada to the U.S.?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"9171\" data-end=\"9345\">One recent indicator is the number and characteristics of <strong data-start=\"9229\" data-end=\"9299\">Canadian citizens applying for U.S. permanent labour certification<\/strong>, including their occupations and wage offers.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"9347\" data-end=\"9384\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_big_is_the_Canadian_diaspora\"><\/span>How big is the Canadian diaspora?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"9385\" data-end=\"9547\">Statistics Canada has reported UN-based counts indicating <strong data-start=\"9443\" data-end=\"9507\">around 1.3 million Canadian-born people living abroad (2017)<\/strong>, with the U.S. as the main destination.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"9549\" data-end=\"9591\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_gig_work_the_same_as_platform_work\"><\/span>Is gig work the same as platform work?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"9592\" data-end=\"9752\">Not necessarily. Gig work can be offline or online; platform work specifically involves digital platforms that coordinate or manage work activities and payment.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"9754\" data-end=\"9757\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"9759\" data-end=\"9780\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sources_all_links\"><\/span>Sources (all links)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<ol data-start=\"9781\" data-end=\"11316\">\n<li data-start=\"9781\" data-end=\"10009\">\n<p data-start=\"9784\" data-end=\"10009\">Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey, December 2024: \u201cIn the spotlight: Close to 700,000 Canadians did paid work through a digital platform in 2024\u201d<br data-start=\"9934\" data-end=\"9937\" \/><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/daily-quotidien\/250110\/dq250110a-eng.htm?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"9937\" data-end=\"10009\">https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/daily-quotidien\/250110\/dq250110a-eng.htm<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10011\" data-end=\"10242\">\n<p data-start=\"10014\" data-end=\"10242\">Statistics Canada: \u201cDefining and measuring the gig economy using survey data: Gig work, digital platforms, and dependent self-employment\u201d (Daily release)<br data-start=\"10167\" data-end=\"10170\" \/><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/daily-quotidien\/240304\/dq240304b-eng.htm?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"10170\" data-end=\"10242\">https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/daily-quotidien\/240304\/dq240304b-eng.htm<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10244\" data-end=\"10420\">\n<p data-start=\"10247\" data-end=\"10420\">Statistics Canada: \u201cThe Canadian diaspora: Estimating the number of Canadian citizens who live abroad\u201d<br data-start=\"10349\" data-end=\"10352\" \/><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/pub\/91f0015m\/91f0015m2022001-eng.htm?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"10352\" data-end=\"10420\">https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/pub\/91f0015m\/91f0015m2022001-eng.htm<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10422\" data-end=\"10620\">\n<p data-start=\"10425\" data-end=\"10620\">Statistics Canada (Annual Demographic Estimates, Analysis: Total Population, 2020\/2021 context including emigration components)<br data-start=\"10552\" data-end=\"10555\" \/><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/pub\/91-215-x\/2021001\/sec1-eng.htm?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"10555\" data-end=\"10620\">https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/pub\/91-215-x\/2021001\/sec1-eng.htm<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10622\" data-end=\"10816\">\n<p data-start=\"10625\" data-end=\"10816\">Statistics Canada: \u201cRecent trends in immigration from Canada to the United States\u201d (Economic and Social Reports)<br data-start=\"10737\" data-end=\"10740\" \/><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/pub\/36-28-0001\/2025007\/article\/00006-eng.htm?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"10740\" data-end=\"10816\">https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/pub\/36-28-0001\/2025007\/article\/00006-eng.htm<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10818\" data-end=\"10997\">\n<p data-start=\"10821\" data-end=\"10997\">Statistics Canada, Demographic estimates methodology reference (definitions including returning emigrants)<br data-start=\"10927\" data-end=\"10930\" \/><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/pub\/91-528-x\/2015001\/ch\/ch6-eng.htm?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"10930\" data-end=\"10997\">https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/pub\/91-528-x\/2015001\/ch\/ch6-eng.htm<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10999\" data-end=\"11113\">\n<p data-start=\"11002\" data-end=\"11113\">Merriam-Webster Dictionary: \u201cBrain drain\u201d definition<br data-start=\"11054\" data-end=\"11057\" \/><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/brain%20drain?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"11057\" data-end=\"11113\">https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/brain%20drain<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11115\" data-end=\"11316\">\n<p data-start=\"11118\" data-end=\"11316\">Future Skills Centre (Diversity Institute, Doblin): \u201cA Typology of Gig Workers in Canada\u201d (PDF)<br data-start=\"11213\" data-end=\"11216\" \/><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/fsc-ccf.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/A-Typology-of-Gig-Workers-in-Canada-Report-English.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"11216\" data-end=\"11316\">https:\/\/fsc-ccf.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/A-Typology-of-Gig-Workers-in-Canada-Report-English.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Emigration in Canada and \u201cBrain Drain\u201d: What the Data Shows Overview Canada is both a major destination for immigrants and a country with measurable outflows of residents and citizens to other countries. Several recent datasets make it possible to describe: how emigration is defined and tracked in Canada what long-run \u201cCanadian diaspora\u201d estimates look like [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2894,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[919,155,915],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2893","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-business-corporate","category-entrepreneur","category-work-in-canada"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Emigration in Canada and \u201cBrain Drain\u201d: What the Data Shows - Inspiring Canadians<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/inspiringcanadians.com\/fr\/2025\/12\/21\/emigration-in-canada-and-brain-drain-what-the-data-shows\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_CA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Emigration in Canada and \u201cBrain Drain\u201d: What the Data Shows - Inspiring Canadians\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Emigration in Canada and \u201cBrain Drain\u201d: What the Data Shows Overview Canada is both a major destination for immigrants and a country with measurable outflows of residents and citizens to other countries. 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